High-precision measurements of the mass of the W-boson. Free Technical Library News

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High-precision measurements of the mass of the W-boson

17.02.2018

Scientists working in the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider have made the first ever high-precision measurements of the mass-energy of the W boson. This boson is one of two elementary particles responsible for the forces of weak nuclear interactions, one of the four types of fundamental forces that determine the behavior and properties of all matter in our Universe. The value of the W-boson mass obtained by scientists is 80370+-19 MeV (megaelectronvolt), which is fully within the framework of the Standard Model of Particle Physics, a theory that describes all known elementary particles and the types of interaction between them.

The measurement of the W-boson mass is based on a data set of about 14 million such particles collected in 2011, when the collider was still operating at 7 TeV. The obtained value corresponds to the data of previous measurements performed at the LEP (ancestor of the LHC) and Tevatron accelerators. The key point for the measurements was the high-precision calibration of the sensors of the ATLAS experiment and detailed modeling of the W-boson generation process. And the actual measurements were made on the basis of data on events associated with Z-bosons, and the results of other indirect measurements.

The W boson is one of the heaviest known particles. It was discovered in 1983 at the Super proton-antiproton Synchrotron accelerator of the European Organization for Nuclear Research CERN, and in 1984 the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded for this discovery. Despite the fact that the properties of the W boson have been studied for more than 30 years, no one has ever been able to measure its mass with sufficiently high accuracy.

"The data collected at the accelerators of previous generations over the entire period of their operation could not provide the necessary accuracy in measuring the mass of the W-boson," says Tancredi Carli, one of the coordinators of the ATLAS Collaboration, "We managed to collect all the necessary data only for one year of operation of the accelerator. And now, when the collider is operating at its full capacity, we have a good opportunity to obtain more accurate results and research in the field of the so-called new physics, physics that goes beyond the Standard Model."

In conclusion, it should be noted that the high-precision measurement of the mass of the W-boson, the true quark and the Higgs boson is a key moment in the search for new physics. After all, any deviation of the practically obtained value of the mass from the theoretical one can indicate the existence of fundamentally new phenomena that are in conflict with the Standard Model.

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