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Apes cloned for the first time

02.02.2018

Chinese scientists have cloned cynomolgus monkeys for the first time by nuclear transfer. Exactly the same method was used to create the world's first cloned mammal - Dolly in 1997. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of the method remains low even after two decades.

Previously, primates have already been cloned, but in a different way - by dividing the embryo into two parts at the earliest stages of its development, when it is still able to fully recover from such manipulation. The disadvantage of this method is that in this way you can get only two identical individuals at a time.

But the transplantation of the nucleus of a cell of one animal into the egg of another, with the preliminary removal of the nucleus of the egg itself, can be done repeatedly. Nucleus donors can be all tens or hundreds of thousands of cells of the same type in the body of a single animal, since they all carry the same genes. In this case, the eggs do not have to be the same, since their genetic material is destroyed in the process and does not affect the final result. Therefore, the researchers chose a nuclear transplant.

This procedure is done partly by hand. The experimenter monitors the process with a microscope. The authors of the work improved the visibility of the cells being manipulated. This is partly why the efficiency of cloning by nuclear transfer has increased. However, out of 60 eggs with replaced nuclei and introduced to surrogate mothers, only two fully developed and became healthy monkeys. That is, the success rate of cloning was 3,3%. To create Dolly at one time, it took 275 of these eggs, 274 of them did not become full-fledged embryos. In other words, the cloning efficiency then was 0,36% - an order of magnitude less than in the case of macaques.

The goal of obtaining cloned monkeys is to create an animal model that is as accurate and close to humans as possible for studying various diseases. In any animal research, they try to use individuals as genetically close as possible to each other, so that the development of the disease in them proceeds as similarly as possible, or so that the potential drug acts on them in the same way. Thus, the reliability of the data is increased and their false interpretations are excluded.

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