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Physical activity is good for the brain

09.01.2018

Researchers at the University of Western Ontario focused on short-term cognitive effects that appear immediately after physical activity. Participants in the study did moderate to vigorous exercise for 10 minutes on an exercise bike. After that, they moved on to the second part of the experiment, in which it was necessary to move the eyes in a certain way, depending on what you see on the monitor screen - this required attention and concentration. Task performance was assessed using a special system that tracked eye movements.

It turned out that immediately after exercising on an exercise bike there were fewer errors than before, and the reaction speed was reduced by 50 milliseconds. For comparison, some participants in the experiment, instead of exercising on a stationary bike, simply read a magazine, and they did not have any improvements in cognitive functions.

Aerobic physical activity facilitates mental activity in many ways: on the one hand, exercise can generally excite the nervous system, bringing it into a state of "combat readiness", and on the other hand, aerobics can affect the conduction of nervous excitation. The molecular messenger here is a protein called brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which is extensively synthesized in response to aerobic exercise.

The immediate effect is that the person becomes more focused, which increases the effectiveness of executive control. This is the name given to a number of different cognitive processes by which the brain chooses how to proceed and regulates the execution of a plan of action.

These processes include processing and responding to single or multiple stimuli, scanning and updating working memory (it allows us to keep in mind the small pieces of information that we are working with at the moment), and inhibitory control, that is, inhibition of impulsive (automatic) ) reactions and replacing them with more deliberate ones.

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