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Electrical stimulation of the brain allows you to make fewer mistakes

10.10.2017

Researchers at Boston University have been able to synchronize brain wave oscillations in two parts of the brain - the medial and lateral prefrontal cortex - to enhance important bodily functions: learning and self-control.

If a person makes a mistake, the medial prefrontal zone flares up like an alarm, explains Robert Rinehart, a psychologist and neuroscientist at Boston University.

"If I tell him he's made a mistake, that area also flares up." It is she who helps to correct errors as quickly as possible. In healthy people, this zone works hand in hand with the neighboring, lateral zone, which stores rules and goals, and which also plays an important role in changing our decisions and actions. "Perhaps, these are the most fundamental areas of the brain, performing the tasks of control and self-control," says Rinehart.

He applied the latest HD-tACS electrical stimulation technology and found that improving the synchronization of brain waves or oscillations between these two regions increases communication between them and allows a person to better cope with tasks related to learning and self-control. Conversely, when this connection is out of sync or damaged, the ability to learn and control behavior decreases.

Rinehart and colleagues explored the recent suggestion that millions of cells in the medial prefrontal cortex and lateral prefrontal cortex can communicate with each other through oscillation synchronization, and these rhythms have a relatively low frequency (approximately 4 to 8 cycles per second). By isolating these areas of the brain using HD-tACS, the scientists were able to make their own changes and record the electrical activity of the patient's brain on an EEG.

After conducting three rounds of tests on 90 healthy participants in the experiment, scientists noticed that if they increase synchronization, people begin to cope with tasks faster and make fewer mistakes, and if they make mistakes, they correct their further actions. Conversely, when out of sync, there are more inaccuracies, and the process of completing tasks slows down. These changes were imperceptible to the participants themselves, but were confirmed statistically.

Despite the fact that the results are still preliminary, Reinhard notes that the violation of brain wave oscillations is characteristic of many psychiatric and neurological diseases - Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, autism, schizophrenia, attention deficit disorder. Now they are treated mainly with drugs that affect large areas of the brain. Electrical stimulation may be a better alternative, a kind of sharp scalpel that will allow patients to be treated accurately and accurately.

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