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Underwater quantum communication channel

29.08.2017

Experiments to create secure quantum communication channels have already been carried out more than once on Earth and in space. And recently, a group of Chinese researchers created the first of its kind "underwater" quantum communication channel that does not require any optical cables, using laser light and the phenomenon of quantum entanglement.

The experiments carried out by Chinese researchers are just the first "pen test" for underwater quantum communications technologies. And the further development of this direction will make it possible to transmit encrypted messages to submarines in a completely secure way or to exchange data between two communication points separated from each other by vast expanses of water.

To create a communication channel, the researchers used laser light passed through a complex optical system consisting of crystals, optical filters and mirrors. At the first stage, the optical system singled out only photons with a strictly defined polarization from the laser light. Then the beam of light was split into two beams, which contained photons entangled at the quantum level. One of the beams was directed into a ring resonator, and the second was directed through a transparent tube, 3 meters long, which was filled with ordinary sea water.

This whole system worked and scientists found that the state of quantum entanglement persists after photons "journey" through sea water. "The data we have obtained allow us to hope that the exact same method will work at large distances, which we are going to test in the very near future," the researchers write.

However, some of the outside scientists are not very sure about the positive result of experiments with underwater quantum communications over long distances.

"Salty seawater absorbs and scatters light intensely. Therefore, the implementation of optical quantum communications under water will be fraught with a number of difficulties, some of which may not be solved today," writes Jeffrey Uhlmann, a scientist from the University of Missouri who specializes in this direction, - "Nevertheless, all research in the field of underwater optical communications is important, and sometime in the future, one of the scientists will still be able to find a way to make all this a reality."

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