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Varieties of owls and larks

03.07.2017

"Owls" like to go to bed late and wake up late, "larks", on the contrary, fall asleep and wake up early. But what does "early" and "late" mean? After all, someone can go to bed at ten in the evening, someone - at midnight, someone - even later.

In their article in PLoS ONE, researchers from Harvard just describe the diversity of chronotypes in different people, whose rhythms of sleep and wakefulness, according to the authors of the work, in some cases can differ by ten hours.

Dorothee Fischer and her colleagues used data collected from 2003 to 2014 as part of a large health project: several tens of thousands of people aged 15 to 64 reported a variety of information about their lifestyle, including when they go to bed and when they wake up. However, in order to determine the chronotype, they did not take the time of falling asleep and waking up, but the middle point between the one and the other; for example, if a person fell asleep at midnight and woke up at eight in the morning, then his "middle of sleep" fell on him at four in the morning. (At the same time, the study used only those data that related to sleep on the weekends, when no work interferes with getting a good night's sleep.)

As a result, the chronotypes were distributed as follows: for the majority (i.e., 50%), the "middle of sleep" was between 2:24 am and 4:15 am; for 25%, the midpoint was earlier, for the other 25% later, and earlier and later it could reach midnight and 9:53 am, respectively (recall again that in this case, midnight and 9:53 am are not the time to fall asleep and awakening, and the time of mid-sleep). The chronotype strongly depended on age: for example, for young people aged 17 to 19, “half-time sleep” was at 4:30 in the morning, and for sixty-year-olds it was at three in the morning.

Among young people (from 15 to 25 years old), the scatter of chronotypes was the largest, while their diversity decreased with age - as they grew older, the points of the "middle of sleep" in different people approached. Men and women in this sense also differed from each other: up to the age of forty, the male chronotype, on average, turned out to be later than the female, after forty they changed places.

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