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superfluid light

14.06.2017

Scientists have long known that light behaves like waves that travel in all directions from a source until they are absorbed or reflected by objects and other obstacles. In recent years, scientists have found that light can also, under certain conditions, behave like a liquid, flowing around objects and restoring the original flow from the other side. However, such a phenomenon has previously been observed only under certain extreme conditions, usually in a vacuum and at temperatures close to absolute zero.

However, the results of new research conducted by scientists from Italy, Canada, Great Britain and Finland have indicated that light can exist in another very exotic "superfluid" state. In this state, light is like a superfluid liquid that has zero viscosity and is able to bend around obstacles without friction or resistance. In this case, the superfluid light that envelopes objects is absolutely not subject to distortion. And what is most remarkable, this effect can be observed at room temperature and at normal atmospheric pressure.

The physics of this phenomenon is not yet fully understood and understood by scientists. And obtaining a superfluid form of light occurs with the help of a thin layer of organic molecules of a certain type, placed between two mirrors with ultra-high reflectivity.

"Through some tricks, we managed to combine the basic properties of photons - their small effective mass and high speed of movement with the strong interactions that arise in molecules due to the movement of electrons," the researchers write. when something interferes with its flow. In the same case, no disturbances are formed in the flow of a superfluid liquid, the flow of such a liquid is always homogeneous.

The state of superfluidity is considered by scientists as the fifth form of matter. One of the clearest examples of such a state of matter is the Bose-Einstein condensate, which, paradoxically, simultaneously has the features of a liquid, a solid and a gas cloud.

It is still difficult to say what practical results this discovery can lead to. But scientists believe that similar principles of influencing matter can be used to create new superconducting materials, materials that conduct electricity without resistance at room temperature. In addition, the phenomenon of photon superfluidity can be used in the next generation of photovoltaic devices, such as lasers, LEDs, solar cells and other types of photovoltaic cells.

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