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Electric flying taxi tested

21.04.2017

Startup Lilium from Munich announced the successful test flights over Germany of a prototype vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) aircraft Lilium Jet - a compact version of the future "flying taxi". VTOL has the capabilities of a helicopter in terms of take-off without a large runway, but after take-off it is able to achieve higher fixed-wing speeds - like an airplane.

The Bavarian company, whose investors include Skype co-founder Niklas Zennstrom, said the prototype would create a five-seat vertical takeoff and landing aircraft that could be used as an urban air taxi and for commuting.

During flight testing, the two-seat prototype Lilium Jet performed a number of complex maneuvers, including the transition in the air from hover mode (like a drone) to horizontal flight "on wings".

The main advantage of the future "air taxi" Lilium is the use of only renewable electrical energy. Many VTOL technology developers choose to rely on hybrid propulsion to get around some of the design and performance issues that come with an electric propulsion. The flight range of the Lilium Jet on a single battery charge is 300 km, the maximum speed is 300 km/h.

Lilium was founded in 2015 by four graduates of the Technical University of Munich. In 2016, it managed to raise 10,6 million euros in investments from venture capital firm Atomico Partners, led by Zennström, and investment company e42.

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Drops of quantum mechanics 03.01.2018

A team of physicists from the Institute of Photonic Sciences (ICFO), Barcelona, ​​Spain, have created liquid droplets that are 100 million times smaller than ordinary water droplets and that obey the laws of strange quantum mechanics. The droplets were created at the nodes of an optical lattice-trap of laser beams, and even at such a microscopic scale, they showed all the basic properties of liquid droplets - retaining their shape and volume regardless of temperature. However, the droplets of this quantum liquid were much denser than any other liquid droplets that exist under normal conditions.

In order to create quantum liquid droplets, Spanish scientists cooled a gas consisting of potassium atoms to a temperature of -273,15 degrees Celsius. At this temperature, the atoms formed a Bose-Einstein condensate, a state of matter in which all of its atoms are synchronized with each other at the quantum level, due to which the entire condensate behaves like one large atom, subject only to the laws of quantum physics.

When the researchers combined two independent condensates, they formed droplets of a quantum liquid. Scientists managed to do something similar before, the substance of these droplets was connected by the forces of electromagnetic interactions between molecules. In contrast, the droplets obtained by the Spanish scientists kept their shape due to the phenomenon of "quantum fluctuations".

Quantum fluctuations are a consequence of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, according to which quantum particles do not have strictly defined parameters. Their parameters such as energy level, position and orientation in space can only be described in terms of probability. And if we take these probabilities of the current position of quantum particles, velocities and directions of their movement, we can calculate the magnitude of their interactions, which manifests itself in the form of pressure. But the most interesting thing is that if we add up the force and the pressure vector of all quantum particles, then an unusual fact will be revealed, the particles attract each other to a greater extent than they repel each other. And it is precisely due to this attraction that they bind into droplets of a quantum liquid that can retain their shape.

Measurements carried out by scientists have shown that droplets of a quantum liquid made of potassium atoms are liquid to a greater extent than droplets of an ordinary superfluid liquid, liquid helium, for example. In terms of flow index and other basic parameters inherent in liquids, a quantum liquid outperforms any superfluid liquid by two to eight orders of magnitude, which opens up ample opportunities for physicists to conduct experiments using a quantum liquid.

However, quantum liquid droplets have some limits that limit their applications. For example, if the number of atoms in one droplet becomes more than a certain value, then the droplet collapses, and the quantum liquid turns into a gas, which tends to fill all the available space, like any other gaseous substance.

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