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AI beat a human at poker

09.03.2017

Matej Moravcik of the University of Alberta and other members of an international team of scientists from Canadian and Czech academic institutions have developed an artificial intelligence system that can beat a human in the most difficult version of poker known as Texas Hold'em. This is a complex game, the number of possible moves in it reaches 10160.

A feature of poker in terms of AI work is unequal access to information. For example, in the case of chess, all players see the same pieces on the board, while in a card game the distribution of information at each moment of time is asymmetrical - only the player himself knows his set of cards.

DeepStack - as the new system is called - beat 10 out of 11 and professional players in more than 3000 games. Strictly speaking, he beat the 11th, only the advantage is not big enough. Before each move, the AI ​​recalculated the strategy of the game, subject to restrictions on the depth of calculations and types of moves, which allowed the number of possible moves in each round to be limited to about 107. (Traditionally, AI calculates all possible scenarios before the move, up to the last move). Such calculations took DeepStack only five seconds.

Such systems can be effective in practical applications, since asymmetric distribution of information is quite common in the real world, for example, when it comes to protecting strategic resources or important medical recommendations.

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Quantum engine running without heat 11.10.2023

A team of researchers from the Department of Quantum Systems at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST), collaborating with scientists from the University of Kaiserslautern-Landau and the University of Stuttgart, have presented a working quantum engine that operates without the use of heat, unlike traditional mechanisms based on thermodynamic principles.

A quantum engine differs from conventional ones, since its operation is not associated with an explosion of the fuel mixture and air. Instead, scientists change the quantum characteristics of particles in the gas, bypassing the use of heat. At extremely low temperatures, when quantum effects occur, bosons have a lower energy level compared to fermions. This energy gap can be used to power a motor that converts bosons into fermions and vice versa.

Professor Thomas Busch, head of the quantum systems department, explained: "To turn fermions into bosons, we can combine two fermions into a molecule. This new molecule becomes a boson. By destroying it, we can get fermions again. By repeating this cycle, we can create a motor without attracting heat."

Despite the high potential of the new quantum engine, its use in the automotive industry in the near future remains questionable. Keerthi Menon stressed that despite the successful experiments, more research needs to be done to optimize the engine's performance and its possible application in other devices such as batteries and sensors. It is important to maintain low temperatures to preserve the quantum state, which in turn requires significant energy consumption.

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