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Evolution already takes into account urbanization

14.01.2017

A group of scientists led by Marina Alberti from the University of Washington showed that unambiguous phenotypic changes are observed in urban ecosystems compared to natural ones. Their article is published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Phenotypic changes are changes in the observable traits of an organism, such as its morphology, physiology, and behavior. Urbanization has contributed, in particular, to changes in the size of plants and animals. For example, in a plant lagozeris sacred (Crepis sancta), if it grows in a city, the seeds are much smaller and lighter. Such changes have been fixed in the course of evolution, since lighter seeds can be carried by the wind to a place suitable for germination - in a city where there is a lot of concrete and asphalt, there are much fewer such places than in "natural conditions", where the seed can simply fall down.

In their meta-study, American scientists collected more than 1600 such examples and conclude that the planet has entered the Anthropocene era, and urbanization has already tangibly affected the course of evolutionary changes.

"We already live on an urbanized planet. And this affects what our future will be like. We are changing the course of evolution on Earth, and urbanization plays a crucial role here," scientists say.

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