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Hands help you think

11.01.2017

Sometimes, when we have to solve some problem, we, without noticing it ourselves, begin to twist some object in our hands - a pen, a lighter, a mobile phone. On the one hand, this may indicate that we are nervous because of difficulties. On the other hand, manipulations with objects really help to think.

Psychologists from Kingston University, as well as the universities of Essex and Southern Denmark, conducted an experiment in which they had to distribute seventeen animals into four pens - so that there was an odd number of them in each pens. Here it was necessary to design the entire building in a special way, and the participants in the experiment could either draw a model of such a room with an electronic pen on a tablet, or try to build a physical model from the constructor.

This problem was most successfully solved by those who built physical models. It was not a matter of a general difference in mental development between one and the other, but precisely in tools: if a person can directly, so to speak, directly interact with the outside world with his hands, then it becomes easier for him to solve some problems.

You can reduce the so-called fear of mathematics. It is known that some "math anxiety" is so high that they can not even correctly calculate the amount of the check in the store, to say nothing of solving algebraic equations from the school course.

However, if such a person is given some cubes with numbers to help, then he will most likely solve the arithmetic problem correctly. The experiment, in fact, just consisted in the fact that a person was asked to do arithmetic either completely in his mind or with the help of toy numbers - and at the same time, the participants in the experiment had to constantly repeat a word. It is clear that, constantly being distracted by the pronunciation of this word, it was quite difficult to manipulate the numbers. Toy numbers not only helped to focus on the main task, but also allowed to overcome the fear of mathematics, if any.

Obviously, the results obtained will be quite useful in pedagogy, for example, when teaching children who are bad at mathematics. On the other hand, those who constantly have to solve highly intelligent tasks can be advised to keep some kind of constructor on hand - to help their own brain.

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Instant battery charging 31.07.2013

American automotive company Tesla Motors, which specializes in the production of electric vehicles, knows a way to reduce the charging time of an electric car battery to 5 minutes. JB Straubel, chief technical officer of Tesla Motors, told Technology Review about this. In September 2012, Tesla Motors introduced Tesla Superchargers, designed to charge the Model S and newer EVs, allowing the battery to be charged halfway in 30 minutes. By May 2013, the company had reduced this time to 20 minutes. Now Strobel claims that this time can be significantly reduced.

The new method has nothing to do with the procedure of replacing a dead battery with a new charged battery. The company introduced this method of "refueling" last month, believing that it would be easier for the owner of an electric car to change the battery than to wait until it is charged. However, the problem is not just waiting, the fact is that the batteries that Tesla Motors equips its cars with have three times the capacity compared to competitors.

In order to master the charging method in 5 minutes, it is necessary to carry out a whole range of activities. And perhaps this will be, first of all, due to the fact that Tesla Motors independently develops all the necessary technologies and equipment for recharging electric vehicles.

First, it will be necessary to increase the capacity of Tesla Motors charging stations. Now the most common high-speed charging standard is the Japanese CHAdeMO. The station with a capacity of 50-100 kW allows you to charge the battery of an electric car by 80% in 15-30 minutes. In October 2012, another standard was developed - the organization SAE International became its author. It implies the use of a power of 100 kW.

The power of Tesla Superchargers stations is 120 kW, and the reduction in battery charging time will force this power to be increased even more. In addition, it will be necessary to change the design of the chargers. So, for example, now the conversion of AC to DC to charge the battery is performed by rectifiers located in the car. For super-fast charging, rectifiers must be located outside, at the station itself.

Accelerated charging can lead to overheating of the battery, so it is necessary to develop a system for monitoring the temperature and voltage of the battery, which can protect it from overheating by automatically adjusting the charging parameters. "In order to charge a battery this quickly, all components need to work in perfect harmony," commented Strobel.

Finally, the high power of charging stations will force the company to equip them with additional energy sources - solar panels and wind generators.

Tesla Motors plans to test the first such station - which will allow charging electric vehicle batteries in 5 minutes - in the near future in California.

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