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Predatory bacteria as a living antibiotic

30.11.2016

Dr. Serge Mostowy of Imperial College London (UK) and his colleagues found that the "predatory" bacterium Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus can be used as an effective remedy against Shigella bacteria, which are increasingly developing resistance to antibiotics and causing severe inflammatory diseases.

Shigella bacteria are responsible for more than 160 million cases of illness and more than a million deaths each year. It is the most common cause of so-called "traveler's diarrhea". The spread of drug-resistant strains of bacteria is also on the rise, as antibiotics are often used even in mild cases to stop the disease more quickly, even though diarrhea usually clears up on its own without treatment. Antibiotic resistance has prompted researchers to study the bacterium's natural "enemies".

For the experiment, the researchers used zebrafish fry that had been infected with a deadly titer of Shigella flexner strain M90T, which is resistant to streptomycin and carbenicillin. The scientists then injected Bdellovibrio bacteria into the infected wounds and observed a decrease in the number of Shigella. It is significant that in the absence of a "predatory" bacterium, zebrafish would be unable to control the reproduction of a pathogenic infection.

Scientists have found that the Bdellovibrio bacterium can kill a number of Gram-negative bacteria, such as E. coli and Salmonella, in the natural environment. Previous research has shown that it can reduce the number of disease-causing bacteria in the stomach of chickens when taken as an oral therapy, but there is a growing need to develop treatments for infections in wounds and organs. The successful use of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus indicates its potential use in the treatment of a number of drug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections.

Using bacteria to get rid of other bacteria may seem like an unusual solution, but in light of the looming threat from drug-resistant infections, the potential for beneficial bacterial interactions should not be overlooked. Researchers are increasingly relying on the latest lines of antibiotics, but this groundbreaking research demonstrates how predatory bacteria can be an important addition to existing infection-fighting drugs.

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