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Artificial intelligence will look for extraterrestrial life

23.11.2016

To search for exoplanets that could potentially be habitable, scientists have to process a huge amount of information. Therefore, artificial intelligence will take up the task of searching for extraterrestrial life.

Astronomers found the first planets outside the solar system back in the early 1990s. Since then, scientists have discovered more than 3400 exoplanets. Now they want to find out which of these cosmic bodies could potentially be habitable. But it takes people days, or even weeks, to analyze data on one planet. And when huge new telescopes are launched, they will provide so much information that scientists simply cannot process it manually. That's why researchers at University College London have created RobERt, an artificial intelligence that can scan deep space data for signs of habitable planets at a speed that humans simply can't.

How? Very simple. Planets reflect small amounts of light from nearby stars. As it passes through the atmosphere, various gases either absorb it or allow it to pass through at certain wavelengths. Scientists on Earth can use this spectrum to determine the composition of the atmosphere, as well as whether it can support life - or alien, or allow future earthly researchers to exist.

RobERt - which means "Robotic Exoplanet Recognition" - can analyze the spectrum in a few seconds. AI is based on third-generation neural networks that work similarly to the human brain (at least according to our current level of knowledge about how the brain works). It runs data through multiple layers of silicon "neurons" where each refines the results until it arrives at what the AI thinks is the correct answer - that is, in the case of RobERt, which gases are present in the spectrum being studied.

Like the human brain, the third generation neural network learns through trial and error. Therefore, scientists showed RobERt more than 85 specially created spectra. By the end of the test, the AI determined the composition of the gas mixture with 000% accuracy, even when the researchers gave it incomplete or cluttered data.

But the search for potentially habitable planets is only the beginning. RobERt and his quick analysis of the data could give scientists a clue about how star systems, including our own, formed.

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