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The female brain changes every month

18.10.2016

Our brain is constantly changing, adjusting to a variety of life circumstances. Obviously, hormones play an important role in such changes: the brain is connected to the endocrine system in a feedback loop, so that hormones affect the functioning of the nervous system in the same way that the nervous system affects them. One of the most significant hormonal processes is the female menstrual cycle. During the menstrual cycle, among other things, the level of estrogen in the blood changes, and as studies by Julia Sacher and her colleagues at the Max Planck Institute for Consciousness and the Human Brain have shown, estrogen fluctuations clearly affect the brain, or at least , in some of its zones.

The experiment consisted of a thirty-two-year-old woman regularly undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, comparing the MRI data with the level of estrogen in the blood. The increased levels of the hormone coincided with a slight increase in the hippocampus, with an increase in both white and gray matter.

The hippocampus is known to serve as one of the memory centers in the brain and is also involved in the formation of emotions. Whether changes in him affect the psyche is not yet clear, but they probably do. In any case, in female mice, it is well known that their behavior changes in accordance with the menstrual cycle, and their hippocampus is directly related to this. Women also have regularly manifested changes in mood, which in the most severe form take the form of the so-called premenstrual dysphoric disorder, characterized by increased irritability, increased anxiety, depression, etc.

If the new results are confirmed in more women, and if the changes in the brain can be clearly correlated with cyclical patterns of behavior, then it may be possible to think about creating some drugs that would somehow mitigate the mood swings that occur on certain days.

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