Composition of intestinal microflora. Free Technical Library News

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The composition of the intestinal microflora

06.05.2016

In 95% of people, 14 main groups of microbes are represented in the intestinal microflora, which make up the "core" of the human microbiome. This conclusion was reached by the authors of two international studies: one led by Professor Jeroen Raes from the University of Leuven (Belgium), and the second led by Dr. Alexandra Zhernakova from the University of Groningen (Netherlands).

The methodology for both studies was the same: volunteers (1106 in Belgium and 1135 in the Netherlands) gave stool samples, blood tests, completed a detailed questionnaire about their health and lifestyle, and also underwent some additional medical tests. Analysis of the collected data allowed scientists to identify 600 groups of microbes that inhabit the bodies of people, of which 14, as mentioned above, turned out to be practically a common "core".

Comparison of the composition of the microflora with the results of other tests also gave interesting results. Previously, it was thought that the composition of the human microflora is influenced mainly by such factors as whether a person was born naturally or by caesarean section, the duration of his breastfeeding and body mass index. However, it has now turned out that these factors together have only 20% of the impact on the diversity of microbes living in our intestines.

The key factors turned out to be quite different. These are the medications we take - including heartburn medications, antibiotics and statins - the efficiency of our breathing, stool consistency and age.

Both research teams set out to find one key factor that would serve as a good indicator of the overall health of our microbiome. The results were different. The first, "Belgian" group found a correlation between this indicator and the rate of passage of feces through the intestines, i.e., stool. The second, "Dutch" team identified another factor: it is the protein chromogranin A, which signals the stressful activation of the nervous and endocrine systems of the body. Its reduced concentration in human blood corresponds to a more diverse microflora, the scientists write.

In any case, these new data force us to reconsider the existing ideas about the composition of the microbiome of our body and what factors influence it. The discoveries made are of great importance for practical medicine.

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