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Artificial sperm created

12.03.2016

Biologists from Nanjing University in China have created artificial sperm.

Usually artificial spermatozoa are grown from stem cells, but Chinese scientists have invented a more promising way. In the laboratory, they managed to create spermatids - male germ cells of one of the final stages of formation. They are absolutely functional, but lack a swimming tail and can only fertilize an egg in vitro. With the help of this biomaterial, scientists obtained healthy offspring from several dozen female mice.

The production of artificial sperm required meticulous work from biologists. They took embryonic male mouse cells and exposed them to cytokines ("information" molecules) to develop into sex cells. The cells were then placed in a nutrient medium similar to male testicles and exposed to testosterone.

The resulting material fully complied with the "gold standard" for artificial sperm, defined by a group of reproductive scientists in 2014. Its main criteria are the absence of cellular mutations at each stage of formation, the correct set of chromosomes and the composition of DNA.

As always, the question of the ethics of such experiments remains open. Artificial sperm does not go through all the natural stages of cellular formation and it is not known how children conceived in this way will develop. In addition, spermatids are selected in the testicles - the body determines which of them are best suited for reproduction. This is not possible under laboratory conditions. Be that as it may, experiments to create artificial sperm are being carried out in many countries of the world and give hope to thousands of infertile men.

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