868 MHz wireless PIR sensor on the new CC1310 radio. Free Technical Library News

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868MHz wireless PIR sensor on the new CC1310 radio

24.01.2016

Texas Instruments' new reference development is a wireless stand-alone IR sensor with a detection range of moving objects at a distance of up to 9 meters. Thanks to the use of a multi-core radio system on a chip, the sensor can operate up to 10 years from a single CR2032 battery. High technical parameters are obtained thanks to the latest wireless microcontroller CC1310F128RGZT with Cortex M3 core and built-in 868 MHz radio. An analog PIR sensor Murata IRS-B210ST01-R1 is used as a sensitive element.

For primary signal processing, nano-consuming components were used: an LPV521 operational amplifier (0,375 μA) and a TLV3691 comparator (75 nA). The consumption of the device in Standby mode (with an active IR sensor) is only 1,65 μA. The average current consumption in the active mode of operation is 1,2 mA for 104 ms when data is processed and the packet is sent over the air. The operating temperature range of the device -30...60°C is determined by the type of CR2032 battery used.

Due to the fact that both the microcontroller and the radio are on the same chip, the overall size of the board is very compact (35x75 mm), including the PCB antenna. Measured at the office, the range was up to 220 meters when received on a CC1111 USB dongle connected to a laptop.

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Silence after snowfall 14.01.2023

Snowy winters are beautiful in their own right, but many of us may have noticed that after a snowfall, something magical happens on the street - an unusual silence sets in, which we would hardly be able to observe on any other day.

A peculiar silence is partly due to the less active person who involuntarily comes after a snowfall, but not only. This effect is also partly related to the acoustic damping effect of snow. Today scientists decided to shed light on this "magic effect".

Going outside after a snowfall may well seem "magic", because the effect of snowy landscapes is significantly emphasized by the change in the soundscape - it seems that everything on the street suddenly subsides.

This interesting effect of all-consuming silence is partly due to a decrease in human activity - there are fewer people on the street, less traffic on the roads. In addition, construction sites are shut down, road repairs are delayed, and other sources of anthropogenic noise are silenced. Even the singing of birds is still muffled.

However, American scientists note that this is not all. The silence after a snowfall is also due to the fact that snow essentially has an acoustic damping effect - that is, it dampens echoes normally bounced off the ground and other surfaces. The fact is that snow consists of ice crystals, which are good sound insulation. However, in this case, they are loosely packed together with a lot of snow - the resulting cellular material is a good sound insulator.

Back in 2008, experts conducted a study in Alaska. Then the experiment showed that a blank shot from a pistol on a snowy surface is attenuated by 30 dB - in fact, this is equivalent to the difference between a conversation and a whisper.

Sound refraction plays an important role in creating "silence after snowfall". This is due to the fact that during a snowfall, the air is warmer near the ground, and colder above it. It is this combination that causes the sound to refract, bending it upwards - this reduces the volume that is transmitted at ground level.

At the same time, if the snow partially melts and freezes, it can improve the reflection. The researchers note that the eerie silence after a snowfall is usually a short pause before the resumption of "noisy work".

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