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Change memories

12.09.2015

Psychiatrists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have found out the mechanism of the formation of post-traumatic stress syndrome against the background of constant stress and have developed a cure for the mechanism of such unpleasant memories.

Many people in the world suffer from obsessive nightmares and fixation on memories of the trauma that happened to them, thus suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder. Scientists have found out the physiological mechanisms of this disease, which are formed under the influence of prolonged stress.

The whole process takes place in the brain's amygdala, one of whose functions is to encode fearful memories. In the brains of animals that develop PTSD after chronic stress and a traumatic event, it is in this region that serotonin enhances memory consolidation. Memory consolidation is the process of moving events from short-term memory to long-term memory, whereby some memories are literally encoded deeper into memory than others.

Under the influence of chronic stress, cells in the amygdala begin to actively produce 5-HT2C receptors, which bind to serotonin. When a traumatic event occurs, this increased sensitivity to serotonin encodes the memory more strongly in the brain than other memories, resulting in PTSD.

When the researchers blocked the interaction of cells with serotonin after injury, the animals did not experience PTSD. As Kee Gouzens, lead researcher, explains, "Understanding this mechanism gives us the ability to intervene and prevent the development of post-traumatic stress disorder through drug interventions. Such an intervention will not make people forget about the trauma, it will just make the memory not so deep and formative, not causing nightmares."

A similar drug has already been approved by the Food and Drug Administration and is called agomelatine. It is able to reduce the extent of the disease even in those who already suffer from it, because, according to research, when a person remembers his experience, there is a certain period of time when these memories can be changed and reconsolidated, and thus weaken the traumatic memories using drugs that block serotonin.

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