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100 km on one liter of fuel

25.07.2015

Two years ago, Volkswagen announced the mass production of "the most economical car in the world" - a diesel-electric two-seater VW XL1, capable of traveling 100 km per liter or 240 miles per gallon (if in the US system of measurement). The series turned out to be not very large, only 250 cars, and the American system of measurement did not have to be used, because. the vehicle did not meet North American safety regulations.

However, the idea of ​​an ultra-efficient car knows no bounds. And in June of this year, a group of Canadian students won one of the "Student Design Championship" competitions, building a car that can go 100 km on 0,11 liters of fuel, which in American terms will be 2098 miles per gallon. I must say that this is not the first victory of Canadian students. Their Alerion Supermileage team is now the champion for the fifth time with even more impressive previous results of 2488 mpg in 2010 and 2757 mpg in 2009.

At 2.0m long, 2,89m wide and 0,72m high, the CT0,56 was a revised version from last year. It retained the same monocoque body made of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers, but the filling was changed, both mechanical and electronic. The drive wheel is rear, two wheels in front. Interestingly, with all the impressive results, Canadian cars are by no means absolute champions. The championship belongs to the Swiss car PAC-Car II, created at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich in 2005. Its fuel consumption was 0,02 liters per 100 km. True, she used hydrogen as fuel.

The Student Design Championship competition is held several times a year under the auspices of SAE International, a global association of more than 128 engineers and technical experts in the aerospace, automotive and commercial vehicle industries. Its task is to improve self-propelled vehicles and increase the level of system knowledge for the benefit of society.

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Scientists have discovered diamonds from a dead protoplanet in a meteorite 27.04.2018

A small asteroid 2008 TC3 fell into the Nubian Desert in northern Sudan on October 7, 2008. It was named Almahata Sitta, which means "Sixth Station" in Arabic (this is the name of the railway station, which is located near the place where the meteorite fell). This is the first case in history when a collision of a celestial body with the Earth was predicted: an asteroid was discovered at the Mount Lemmon Observatory (USA, Arizona) the day before the fall. The mass of all its fragments scattered across the desert reaches about three kilograms.

This asteroid is also unique in that it belongs to a rare type of stone meteorites - ureilite, which has a unique mineralogical composition. Ureylite contains a high percentage of carbon, which is contained in the stone in the form of graphite and nanodiamonds - a structure that has a crystal lattice structure similar to diamonds. For a long time it was not known exactly what is the origin of the diamonds found in the asteroid - and, accordingly, the origin of the celestial body itself. The discovery of scientists from the Federal Polytechnic School in Lausanne (Switzerland) sheds light on this event.

In total, three theories of the formation of diamond crystals are known. The first is "shock": inclusions of these precious crystals can form during the collision of celestial bodies. Another says that they are formed due to the chemical deposition of carbon vapor. The third claims that diamonds appeared in the bowels of protoplanets.

Analysis of meteorite fragments found in Sudan shows that the size of some diamond inclusions reaches up to 100 microns. Scientists say that the pressure required to form such large crystals cannot be lower than 20 gigapascals (about 200 thousand atmospheres). Such conditions could only be created on a large planet comparable to Mars or Mercury. Thus, scientists confirmed the third theory and proved that the asteroid is a fragment of an ancient protoplanet.

This find allows us to get closer to understanding how our solar system formed. The researchers suggest that all ureilitic asteroids may be the remnants of the same protoplanet that existed long before the formation of the planets known to us.

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