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Faux leather from L`Oreal

05.06.2015

The French company L'Oreal, the world leader in the perfumery and cosmetics market, announced the start of large-scale research in the field of production of artificial leather identical to human

Organovo engineers from California (USA) will help the French with the development of 3D leather printing technology. Industrial production of skin identical to human will significantly reduce the cost of clinical trials of cosmetic products.

Today, "growing" artificial leather is a long and extremely expensive process. Since the 1980s, L`Oreal has been synthesizing about 5 square meters of artificial leather per year in its laboratory in Leon (France), which is enough for about 100 standard tests.

This process uses skin from donors who have undergone plastic surgery. Scientists divide it into individual cells and place it in an environment close to the conditions of the human body. It takes about a week to grow one patch of skin, enough for one test.

The new "bioprinting" technology from Organovo specialists promises to be much faster and cheaper. Using a special bioprinter with an ultra-precise head, artificial skin cells can be printed from a special composition. The 3D-printed skin will be used in efficacy and toxicity tests on promising cosmetic products, as well as eliminating animal testing.

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Self-learning photonic computer 21.01.2013

A group of physicists led by Daniel Brunner of the University of the Balearic Islands in Palma de Mallorca, Spain, has taken a big step towards creating a photonic computer by creating a working prototype of such a computing device. The photonic computer of Brunner and his colleagues is based on the principle of so-called computational reservoirs. Such computers are similar in their design to artificial or natural neural networks, and consist of single synapse nodes. Each such "nerve cell" is randomly connected to neighboring nodes and is able to remember its previous states.

Unlike conventional neural networks, the "computational reservoir" can solve various problems and can be easily reprogrammed without disturbing the physical structure of the system. By manipulating the properties of synapses, this machine can be adapted to solve complex computational problems, including speech or image recognition. The prototype of Brunner and his colleagues is arranged quite peculiarly - portions of light that emit the same laser diode at strictly measured intervals act as nodes of the neural network. These portions of light move along the "ring", inside of which the source of input data is built - another laser that adds new information to the cycle using a special modulator.

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The scientists put their invention to the test by "teaching" a computer to convert human speech into numbers and calculate some complex statistical functions. According to physicists, their invention performed well - the computer incorrectly recognized only 0,01% of the numbers spoken aloud. In addition, the device has a very high performance - in one second it "guesses" 300 thousand words, which is a record for all computing devices that exist today.

When calculating statistics, the device confirmed its qualities - the photonic computer performed over 13 million statistical operations per second, and the data exchange rate exceeded 1,1 gigabytes per second. In addition, this model of a photonic computer has another advantage compared to conventional computers - low power consumption. As noted by Brunner and his colleagues, their prototype spends 200 times less energy on recognizing one word.

It should not be expected that such light computers will completely replace modern silicon electronics. So, their scope is extremely limited, and the information in them is presented in an extremely inconvenient form for use. Nevertheless, such devices will be able to replace classical computers in many specialized areas of science and technology, where high speed and parallel computing are required.

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