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Aircraft and climate

18.10.2002

After the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the skies over the United States were closed to civil aviation for three days so that airports could increase security measures.

These three days have given climatologists a unique opportunity to study the effects of high-altitude flight on the weather. One aviation-related factor that can affect the weather is contrails. Such a trace in the form of a white track occurs due to the crystallization of atmospheric moisture in the form of ice on the smallest particles of unburned fuel flying out of the aircraft's turbines.

During the three days that flights were banned, the number of such white lanes in the sky over the United States dropped sharply. On the one hand, any clouds, including traces of aircraft, make it difficult for sunlight to reach the Earth's surface, that is, they must cool the planet. On the other hand, they should also reduce the dissipation of heat into space, delaying the infrared radiation of the Earth.

Based on data from 4000 US weather stations, three days without flights over the entire territory of the country, the usual gap between day and night air temperatures has increased by more than a degree. This happened mainly due to an increase in daytime temperatures, especially over those areas of the United States where air traffic is especially intense on ordinary days. That is, the warming effect of white footprints in the sky prevails over the cooling effect.

Airplane paths now occupy 0,1 percent of the sky above the planet, and by 2050 they will capture 0,5 percent.

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