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Structural paint

05.01.2015

Many beetles and butterflies are colored without the use of dyes - due to the fact that nanostructures are located on the surface of the elytra of the first and the wings of the second, which convert white light into colored light. If a person could learn how to apply a similar method on an industrial scale, he would get rid of the need to deal with a huge variety of substances. In addition to saving on production, the task of subsequent processing is also simplified.

A step in this direction was taken by researchers from the Technological University of Denmark, led by Asger Mortensen. With the help of structural coloring, they depicted the emblem of their institute on the polymer.

First, they made a silicon stamp from periodically spaced cylindrical pits a few tens of nanometers in diameter. Then this stamp was printed on the surface of the polymer. A layer of aluminum 20 nm thick was applied to the resulting relief, and aluminum disks 50 nm high were obtained. The image has appeared! Depending on the diameter of the disks and the distance between them, some areas turned out to be yellow, others - blue.

The protective clear coat shifted the colors to the red side, but the effect did not disappear. The main cost, of course, is the production of the die, and the rest of the processes are cheap enough to allow mass production of multi-colored polymers without ink.

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Fats are burned in the evenings 22.11.2018

Our body obeys daily rhythms in everything, and metabolism is, of course, no exception here: organ systems work differently at different times of the day, and therefore energy consumption will also be different. Harvard researchers found that at different times of the day, our bodies burn different amounts of calories using different resources.

Scientists set up the following experiment with seven volunteers: they had to sit in a room without windows for three weeks, not knowing what time of day it was; every day they went to bed four hours later than the day before - as if they were traveling through time zones around the world. And they all measured how many calories the body burns at rest at different times of the day and night.

Thanks to the simulation of traveling around the world, it was possible to clearly see the schedule of energy expenditure. In all, the metabolism was clearly subject to the biological clock, although with individual characteristics. Overall, 129 more calories were burned in the afternoon and evening than in the morning, with an average peak occurring at about 5 p.m. - although for some, this metabolic peak occurred at 2 p.m. or even at 8 p.m. The body spent the least amount of energy early in the morning, around 5 o'clock, although again there were volunteers with a minimum at 2 am and 8 am.

There is nothing surprising in such a spread, after all, we all know very well that different people have different chronotypes, someone is more active in the morning, someone in the afternoon, someone in the evening. And, as it was said, at different times of the day the body takes calories from different substances: if carbohydrates are spent most of all in the morning, then in the evening mainly fats are sent to the metabolic furnace.

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