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DisplayPort support in USB Type-C

29.09.2014

The Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA), partnering with the USB 3.0 Promoter Group, has already taken the opportunity to add alternative modes by describing DisplayPort Alt Mode for USB Type-C. In this mode, USB Type-C connectors and cables can be used to deliver DisplayPort data, in particular to connect 4K and higher resolution monitors; SuperSpeed USB data (USB 3.1) and power (up to 100W of power) - all in one cable. DisplayPort Alt Mode can also be used to connect adapters that will allow you to use a huge number of existing monitors with DisplayPort, HDMI, DVI and VGA inputs.

In DisplayPort Alt Mode, some of the SuperSpeed USB lines are reassigned for DisplayPort data transmission, and the remaining lines of the USB Type-C connector are used for AUX data transmission and for the HPD (Hot Plug Detection) function.

USB Type-C devices with DisplayPort Alt Mode support can also be connected to existing DisplayPort devices using a USB Type-C to DisplayPort bi-directional conversion cable. A video source with a USB Type-C connector and DisplayPort Alt Mode support can be connected to a display device with an HDMI, DVI or VGA input using a suitable adapter. All adapters and conversion cables will comply with the USB Type-C specification, including connector insensitivity to cable orientation and insertion direction.

These features are enabled by the similarity between USB and DisplayPort, allowing the use of the same electrical circuits and cables for SuperSpeed USB up to 10 Gb/s per line or DisplayPort up to 8,1 Gb/s per line. (as described in the DisplayPort 1.3 standard). The first implementations of DisplayPort Alt Mode in USB Type-C devices are likely to follow DisplayPort 1.2a requirements (up to 5,4Gbps per lane). With four lanes, this means support for resolutions up to 4K (4096 x 2160 pixels) at 60Hz and 30-bit color depth.

Only part of the lines - one or two - can be used, leaving the possibility of simultaneously transmitting SuperSpeed USB data. For example, in a docking station, using two lanes for DisplayPort 1.3 will allow both SuperSpeed USB data and 4K (3840 x 2160 pixels) DisplayPort data to be transmitted simultaneously in both directions. When using all four lines in DisplayPort Alt Mode, the resolution is upscaled to 5K (5120 x 2880 pixels), while still being able to transfer USB 2.0 data on separate USB Type-C pins reserved for this.

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