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Ultra-precise tangled atomic clock

25.06.2014

Maintaining quantum entanglement makes it possible to increase the accuracy of atomic clocks by a hundred or more times, which will significantly improve the accuracy of measuring time intervals and geographical coordinates and ensure a high degree of protection of transmitted information.

Physicists from the United States and Denmark have proposed the creation of a global network of ultra-precise atomic clocks that use quantum entanglement to increase the accuracy of their work. The scientists published their study in the journal Nature Physics, and a brief summary of it can be found on the Nature website.

Experts put forward the idea of equipping geographically remote atomic clocks connected in an optical network with a special protocol that implements entangled quantum states between the particles of the system's atomic clock. The work of the system is coordinated by a central node capable of creating special quantum states with other nodes.

The work of ordinary atomic clocks is based on the constancy of the energy difference between certain atomic levels: an electron, passing from one level to another, emits a photon, the frequency of which is strictly fixed. Such processes can be periodic in nature, which is used in the operation of atomic clocks. Atomic clocks are very accurate: modern hydrogen clocks have an error of about 45 nanoseconds in 12 hours.

To implement quantum entanglement, a pair of linked (entangled) subsystems (for example, particles) separated by a distance is used. The subsystems of such a system, according to the laws of quantum mechanics, retain information about the state of their partner even when moving away from each other, so that a change in the state of one subsystem affects the state of another subsystem. This is accompanied by a change in certain quantum characteristics of particles, such as spin states. The phenomenon of entanglement is essentially quantum in nature and has no classical analogue.

Maintaining quantum entanglement makes it possible to increase the accuracy of atomic clocks by a hundred or more times; the error can be about one second in 300 million years. This will significantly improve the accuracy of measuring time intervals, geographic coordinates and provide a high degree of protection of transmitted information.

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