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The range of an electric car depends on the temperature outside

27.03.2014

One of the challenges that owners of all-electric vehicles face is the need for long-term recharging of batteries. But, as a study by the American Automobile Association (AAA) shows, there is another very serious problem: a sharp reduction in range at high or low outside temperatures.

Three electric vehicles were used in the experiment, which were tested at low, medium and high temperatures. The tests were carried out on a special stand in a thermal chamber, which simulated movement in an urban environment with the need for stops and starts. Before testing, the battery packs were charged to 100%, and the test was considered to be completed when the power sources were completely discharged.

At a temperature of 24 degrees Celsius, the average mileage of electric cars was 170 km. However, when the ambient temperature drops to minus 6-7 degrees Celsius, the indicator drops by as much as 57% - up to 69 km. It is clear that in the harsh Russian winter the result will be even less.

An increase in temperature also negatively affects the range on a single charge. At 35 degrees Celsius, it was 110 km, which is 33% less than driving in normal conditions.

Of course, manufacturers of electric vehicles use various systems to maintain the optimum temperature in the area of the battery pack. So, for example, does BMW. But this leads to increased energy consumption and a reduction in driving range.

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Orange peels for lithium battery recycling 25.08.2020

The reuse of rare metals, which do not disappear from used lithium-containing batteries, is becoming more and more pressing. A serious disadvantage in the processing of used batteries is extremely harmful technical processes, during which a lot of toxic substances are released. Surprisingly, all harmful chemicals can be replaced with dried orange peels, as scientists from Singapore have proven.

The traditional process for recycling used lithium batteries involves heating and melting at temperatures above 500 °C. This requires the highest energy costs and is accompanied by the release of toxic gases. A cleaner technology has been proposed as a replacement. It consists in grinding batteries and subsequent precipitation of metals in a liquid medium - in a heated mixture of acids and hydrogen peroxide. This is called hydrometallurgy, and it is still in the experimental stage.

In the proposed form, hydrometallurgy is also not sugar. Especially on an industrial scale, if it comes to that. Another thing is if acids are replaced with something environmentally friendly. How? For example, orange peels, which contain sugars and acids necessary for the reaction with the precipitation of metals.

The use of orange peels as a reagent was proposed by scientists from Singapore's Nanyang Technological University. The peel of these citrus fruits was dried and then ground into a powder. Based on the powder, a mixture was created for the precipitation of metals in combination with citric acid, also extracted from citrus fruits. Plus hydrogen peroxide.

Scientists have extracted about 90% of lithium, cobalt, nickel and manganese from used batteries. This is about the same as how many of these materials are recovered in the process of traditional "toxic" processing. Only after the "citrus" processing was the waste non-toxic.

From the metals obtained during the recycling of used batteries, scientists have made a new battery that is not inferior in performance to conventional new lithium-ion batteries. Further testing is currently underway to ensure new batteries will last a comparable number of charge/discharge cycles.

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