One drop of blood is enough for diagnosis. Free Technical Library News

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One drop of blood is enough for diagnosis

29.06.2013

Scientists at the New Jersey Institute of Technology are developing a prototype device that will help a doctor detect a disease or virus from just a single drop of a liquid, such as blood. The carbon nanotube device is suitable for non-invasive rapid detection of diseases: it will be enough to place a drop of liquid on the active areas of the device to measure the electrical properties of cells and make a diagnosis. The uniqueness of this method lies precisely in the fact that information about the electrical properties of cells is used for diagnostics.

The New Jersey Institute of Technology scientists evaluated three different cell types and used three different electrical probes. It turned out that all cells differ in electrical properties. So far, there is little information to definitively determine the exact indicators of the electric charge of cells, but scientists already know for sure that the distribution of electric charges in a healthy cell begins to change when the cell is damaged.

In the future, the development, which was originally initiated by the military to look for signs of bioweapons, can be used to detect viruses, bacteria, and even cancer. In addition, the carbon nanotube device will help assess the health of ordinary cells, such as neurons in the brain.

To demonstrate the device's ability to detect cells, the researchers conducted experiments on embryonic kidney cells, mouse neurons, and yeast cells. The measurements were carried out with and without cells, with and without nanotubes. Nanotubes have been shown to be essential for successful cell detection.

Carbon nanotubes are powerful, electrically conductive structures 1 nanometer in diameter - one billionth of a meter, or about ten hydrogen atoms in a row. The breakthrough for researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology is that they have developed a controlled way to firmly bond one of these submicroscopic, crystalline electrical connections to a specific location on a substrate. The new method also demonstrated the ability to simultaneously bind an array of millions of nanotubes and efficiently produce multiple devices simultaneously.

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