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Robots milk cows

10.02.2013

Despite the fact that modern robots are still primitive machines, they have already become an indispensable tool for solving a variety of tasks. First of all, repetitive actions are implied, robots are good because they do not need rest, they do not arrange protests and do not organize labor unions to demand higher wages. And robots are constantly improving and mastering new skills.

American Kevin Kueker, a third-generation dairy farmer, spoke about a technical innovation at his enterprise. He installed a robotic milking system on his farm as part of an overall equipment upgrade program, and this happened about a year ago. The principle of operation of the machine is relatively simple, when the cow is ready for milking, she goes to a specially equipped stall.

A scanner connected to a computer identifies the animal by an electronic chip, and a 3D camera determines where the cow's udder is. When all the necessary data are collected, the milking procedure begins, and at the end of it the animal receives a treat. The robotic system is not cheap, its cost is 150 thousand dollars, which means that at the current stage it is appropriate only for the largest enterprises.

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The Sahara Desert has expanded significantly 04.04.2018

The largest desert in the world has expanded by about 1920% since 10. According to scientists, climate change is one of the most likely reasons why the sands of the Sahara are moving into new regions.

Scientists from the University of Maryland (USA) looked at the average annual rainfall in the north of the African continent since 1920 to find out what actually counts as a desert. In this case, it was defined as a natural area where less than 150 mm of precipitation falls per year.

According to researchers' calculations, the Sahara increased by 10% between 1920 and 2013. In the summer months, the growth was up to 16%.

Lake Chad in the Sahel region, which borders the southern border of the Sahara, has become an important indicator of climate change.

"The lake is drying up. This is a very visible sign of a decrease in rainfall in the entire region," scientists say.

Weather conditions in the Sahara are influenced not only by human-induced climate change, but also by a number of complex climatic cycles. But all these factors can lead to desertification of land in other parts of the world. This directly affects how much of our planet will remain habitable.

“Deserts usually form in the subtropics due to the Hadley cell [element of the earth's atmospheric circulation at tropical latitudes]," says Sumant Nigam. "Through it, air rises at the equator and sinks in the subtropics. But climate change could expand the Hadley circulation and cause northward movement subtropical deserts. The fact that the Sahara is expanding southward also suggests that additional mechanisms are involved, including the North Atlantic Oscillation and other climatic cycles."

The researchers note that if the climate continues to change, the desertification of lands around the Sahara will continue. They call this trend unfavorable: the world's population continues to grow, which means that the reduction of areas suitable for agriculture will directly affect the well-being of people.

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