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Vortex electron microscope

20.11.2012

Electron microscopes are an extremely important scientific tool, especially in the field of materials science. Scientists from the Vienna University of Technology have improved this device and created an electron beam that rotates like a tornado. Vortex electron beams can be used not only to display the objects under study, but also to study the properties of materials on a nanometer scale.

In a tornado, individual air molecules do not necessarily rotate around their axis, but the general suction of the entire mass of air creates a powerful vortex. Rotating electron beams behave in a similar way, although they are primarily subject to quantum effects. Electrons behave like waves, and these quantum waves can spin like a tornado or water behind a ship's propeller. One of the advantages of the vortex electron microscope is that the vortex of electrons can transfer angular momentum to the object of study. As is known, the angular momentum of electrons in solid materials is closely related to its magnetic properties, which are very important for science.

The first successes in the creation of a vortex electron microscope were achieved two years ago, when an electron beam was passed through a tiny grid that divided the beam into three partial beams (one rotated to the right, the other to the left, and the third did not rotate). Now a more advanced version of this technology has been developed, does not require splitting the beam into three parts. For this, a screen was created, half of which is covered with a layer of silicon nitride. This layer is so thin that electrons can penetrate it with little or no absorption, but the screen leads to a phase shift and, with the help of special astigmatic lenses, effectively swirls the electron beam.

The new microscope produces an electron vortex that is an order of magnitude more powerful than a similar beam produced by any of the other existing facilities. Scientists look forward to using the vortex electron microscope to study the magnetic properties of the latest nanomaterials. Also, the new tool can be used in exotic research, for example, to rotate individual molecules with it, which can be useful in the development of materials with special properties.

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