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Moth eyes help radiology

18.07.2012

The eyes of the moth inspired scientists from City University (New York) to develop a nanomaterial that reduces harmful radiation and at the same time increases the resolution of x-rays.

The eyes of the moth, seen by probably everyone who has at least some kind of clothing, are made up of thousands of ommatidia - structures consisting of a primitive cornea and lens. At the same time, the moth's eyes reflect very little light, which helps insects hide from predators. By studying the "anti-reflective" eyes of moths, scientists have developed a new class of materials that increase the efficiency of X-ray machines and similar medical devices.

The researchers focused on scintillation materials, which, when exposed to X-ray photons, absorb energy and re-emit it as light. This is how x-rays are made. Scientists have created a 500-nm cerium film doped with lutetium oxyorthosilicate. An array of pyramidal protrusions made of silicon nitride is formed on the film. Like the bumps on the cornea of a moth's eye, the protrusions on the artificial film capture the maximum amount of light. On a film sized 100x100 microns, 10-20 thousand protrusions are placed.

In laboratory experiments, adding a thin film to the scintillator of a conventional mammography x-ray machine increased the intensity of the emitted light by as much as 175%. This means that with an equal dose of radiation, it is possible to significantly increase the resolution of the image or, with image quality comparable to traditional X-ray machines, to reduce the radiation dose. According to the developers, it will take 3-5 years to test and prepare a new X-ray examination technology for clinical use.

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