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Electrical wires made of plastic

06.05.2012

Researchers from the Sadron Institute and the University of Strasbourg have created plastic fibers of a few nanometers that are excellent current conductors. The invention can be used in the electronics industry, and, unlike carbon nanotubes, the new nanowires self-assemble under a flash of light and are easy to manufacture. Inexpensive and easy to handle, plastic nanowires combine the advantages of two main materials of the electronics industry: they conduct electricity like metals and organic polymers. Moreover, their electrical properties are similar to those of metals.

In addition, plastic nanowires are lightweight and flexible, opening up opportunities for miniaturization of electronic components down to the nanometer scale.

To create the nanowires, the scientists used chemically modified triarylamine molecules, synthetic molecules that have been used by Xerox for decades in the Xerox photocopying process. To their surprise, the scientists found that the new triarylamine molecules, when exposed to light, spontaneously form fibers several hundred nanometers (1 nm is one billionth of a meter), creating so-called supramolecular structures consisting of several thousand molecules.

The researchers carefully studied the electrical properties of the new nanofibers. First of all, it became clear that nanofibers are formed in the light only between two electrodes. The second unexpected phenomenon was the extremely high electrical conductivity of plastic nanowires. They were able to transmit an extremely high current density: over 2.10^6 amperes per square centimeter, i.e. almost at the level of a copper wire. In addition, nanowires have very low contact resistance when bonded to metals: 10000 times lower than the best organic polymers.

Currently, scientists are going to integrate new fibers into various electronic devices: flexible screens, solar panels, etc.

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