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Electricity puts out the fire

05.02.2012

Defense science agency DARPA has developed a new method of extinguishing fires - using electricity.

A fire in a combat vehicle, on board a ship, or in any other confined space poses a mortal danger to people. Modern fire extinguishing technologies were developed many decades ago and mainly use the violation of chemical reactions in the combustion process. The key to the fire extinguishing systems of the future lies in the very physical nature of the flame.
Water cools a burning object, carbon dioxide smothers a fire by reducing the concentration of oxygen, and chemicals such as halon gas interrupt the combustion process. All of these technologies have serious disadvantages such as toxicity, damage to valuable property, and limited effectiveness in relation to various types of fire.

New DARPA technology successfully suppresses fire and prevents re-ignition by destabilizing the plasma torch with electromagnetic and acoustic fields. From a physical point of view, a flame is a cold plasma, including mobile electrons and slow positive ions. They can be affected not only by chemical reagents, but also by a magnetic field. In an experiment, DARPA scientists are demonstrating how a hand-held electrode can be used to extinguish a methane burner without the use of any chemicals.

Scientists are currently working on a scalable "electric fire extinguisher" technology. A prototype of the new fire extinguishing system will be installed in the habitable compartment of a small vehicle, like a HUMVEE car. In case of successful tests, the new system will certainly be widely used in space, marine and ground technology.

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Sturdy plastic that decomposes in a few days 27.12.2022

German chemists at the University of Konstanz have developed a durable and biodegradable plastic. The re-engineered polyester is resilient and stable and resembles HDPE (high density polyethylene) plastic in properties, but contains special “break points” for quick disposal.

The new plastic polyester-2,18 consists of two main modules: a short diol unit with two carbon atoms and a dicarboxylic acid unit with 18 carbon atoms. Due to its crystalline structure, it exhibits both mechanical resistance and thermal stability.

Plastics are made up of long chains of one or more basic chemical modules (monomers), the scientists explain. Most of the plastics used are characterized by high crystallinity and water repellency. It is these features that make plastic so in demand in industry and everyday life, but they also complicate the natural decomposition.

To overcome this incompatibility between the stability and biodegradability of plastics, scientists have added chemical breakpoints to their materials. Under the influence of enzymes, chemical polymers are destroyed in predetermined places, which significantly speeds up the processing process.

The researchers conducted laboratory experiments with natural enzymes and tests in an industrial compost plant. Over the course of several days, the polyester was degraded by enzymes in a laboratory experiment. It took the composting plant's microorganisms about two months to completely break down the plastic.

Chemists continue to study the properties of the new substance to find ways to reuse recycled materials.

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