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sunburn in whales

08.06.2011

Researchers from the Zoological Society of London spent three years observing different types of whales in the Gulf of California, taking detailed photographs and taking samples of their skin.

It turned out that the whales, like careless holidaymakers, suffer from sunburn. This damage is especially noticeable in blue whales with their rather light coloration. Burns are least common in fin whales, which are characterized by a dark color of the skin.

During the study, the frequency of sunburn in whales has increased, which may indicate an increase in the ultraviolet radiation of the Sun - either the ozone hole has increased, or the clouds have become smaller.

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Biological clock repair 22.02.2017

One of the main regulators of our biological clock is the hormone melatonin: two hours before sleep, the level of melatonin begins to rise, and we begin to feel sleepy, and upon awakening, on the contrary, its level drops.

The time when hormone levels remain high is called biological night, and it obviously must coincide with astronomical night. But we have not gone to bed with evening twilight for a long time and do not get up at dawn: many of us go to bed well after midnight, and wake up not at all with the first rays of the sun, and then nod off all day.

Daytime sleepiness is due to the fact that the level of melatonin remains elevated - the hormonal clock goes astray, remaining in biological night mode for most of the day. And the problem here is not only that we want to sleep: because of the knocked down internal clock, the body experiences a constant lack of sleep, and lack of sleep, as we now know, has a bad effect on metabolism and increases the likelihood of diseases such as diabetes, obesity and associated cardiovascular disorders.

Is it possible to return the biological clock to its previous settings? Scientists from the University of Colorado at Boulder told how this can be done: it turned out that it was enough to spend a week in nature for the melatonin rhythm to return to normal. True, a week-long outdoor recreation has one strict condition: you can’t take any electronic devices with you and no sources of artificial lighting.

It was the sunlight, which people saw four times more in nature than in ordinary life, that was able to put their daily rhythms in order. The point is not only in the amount of sunlight, but also in the fact that during the day there was light, and at night there was no light, except for the light from the fire flame. At the same time, individual differences in daily cycles between different people were smoothed out.

Among us there are "larks" who like to wake up early, and "owls" who like to fall asleep late, but a week on the campaign turned the "owls" into "larks". Of course, shifts in the melatonin cycle occurred in everyone, but in the "owls" they were most noticeable. The changes were not only in the level of the hormone - after being in nature, daytime sleepiness disappeared in people.

Subsequently, it turned out that a week is even too much, two days is enough. Kenneth Wright and his colleagues repeated the experiment with fourteen young people aged 20 to 30 - nine of them went out of town for the weekend, five stayed in the city. In just two days in nature, the daily fluctuations of melatonin approached their norm by one hour. Compared to a week-long (or rather, six-day) hike, two-day changes accounted for 69% of the hormonal changes that occur in six days.

Simply put, in two days without artificial light and without gadgets, the biological clock returned to normal by more than half.

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