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Simulating a volcanic eruption

03.05.2009

In the laboratory of the Faculty of Geology of the University of Toronto (Canada), one of the important phenomena that accompany any eruption was modeled - seismic waves that precede the release of lava, volcanic gases and ash.

A few days, weeks, or even years before the eruption, the soil trembles in the region of the volcano. These oscillations are divided into high-frequency ones, which occur when rocks crack, and low-frequency ones, which form when magma and gases move sharply through cracks and voids in the stone. Low-frequency vibrations and reproduced in a Canadian laboratory.

Samples of basalt from the slopes of Etna - cylinders with a diameter of 5 and a length of 12 centimeters were subjected to a pressure of 60 megapascals, which exists at a depth of about two kilometers, and then the pressure was abruptly released. In this case, typical low-frequency seismic vibrations appeared in the stone, similar in shape and amplitude of acoustic signals to natural ones.

These works will help predict eruptions.

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Dream control device 24.04.2018

Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Media Lab in the US have developed the Dormio device, which is designed to increase the duration of hypnagogia (microsonics) - an intermediate state between sleep and wakefulness.

According to scientists, a person's stay in a long micro-sleep can improve his creative abilities.

In a state of hypnagogia, a person may experience auditory, visual and tactile hallucinations, but most often the experiences between sleep and wakefulness are not remembered.

Dormio was tested on six volunteers. Initially, it consisted of an Arduino microcontroller mounted on a glove with a pressure sensor and an electroencephalograph (EEG). The subject, before falling asleep, clenched his gloved hand into a fist, pressing on the sensor.

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In a state of hypnagogia, the subjects answered questions from a robot that recorded their responses. The results of the experiment showed that although not all volunteers remembered the answers, they saw an image of what they were asked to think about. According to scientists, this means that they have a workable microsleep control system at their disposal.

In the second part of the experiment, volunteers were asked to compose a story with a key word they heard in a state of hypnagogia. The story had to be based on what was seen in the micro-dream. The more original the story was, the more points the participant received. The use of Dormio contributed to a more creative approach to the task, and five out of six volunteers scored higher than in the control test.

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