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penguin blood

11.12.2008

Emperor penguins dive deep for fish and can stay underwater for up to 23 minutes.

American ornithologists implanted miniature sensors into the blood vessels of several penguins to measure the oxygen content in the blood. It turned out that after a long stay of a bird under water, it is four times less than the critical level of oxygen at which a person loses consciousness. Many organs of the body can live quite a long time without oxygen, but the brain cannot withstand prolonged oxygen starvation.

How does the penguin carry it? Apparently, the fact is that penguin brain cells contain two special proteins that store oxygen - neuroglobin and cytoglobin. They are also known in mammals, especially diving ones - otters and dolphins.

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Samsung Electronics has announced the mass production of high-performance, low-power PCIe solid-state drives (SSDs) for use in today's ultra-thin laptops and workstations, the Samsung SM951.

The Samsung SM951 features high performance in both PCIe 3.0 and PCIe 2.0 interfaces. When connected to a PCIe 2.0 interface, the sequential read speed is 1,600 MB/s, the write speed is 1,350 MB/s. At the same time, the speed of the new device in this configuration is almost 30% faster than its predecessor, the Samsung XP941 model, and about three times faster than the speed of a modern SATA SSD drive. Random-access read and write performance reaches 130 and 000 IOPS (Input/Output Operations Per Second - the number of input/output operations per second), respectively.

When connected to a PCIe 3.0 interface, the Samsung SM951 achieves sequential read/write speeds of 2,150MB/s and 1550MB/s, respectively, which is about four times the sequential read speed of current SATA SSDs. When running with a PCIe 3.0 interface, the device has significantly higher power efficiency - only about 450 MB / s per watt for sequential reads and 1 MB / s for sequential writes. Thus, energy efficiency has increased by 250% compared to the Samsung XP50 SSD drive.

In addition, the Samsung SM951 is the first SSD to support the L1.2 low energy standard. The L 1.2 standard, implemented by the PCI-SIG organization, which develops standards for using the PCI bus for connecting peripherals to computers, allows you to turn off all high-speed circuits when the computer is in sleep or hibernation mode. With the adoption of the L1.2 standard, sleep mode power consumption is reduced by 97% compared to the L1 standard, from 50mW to 2mW.

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The Samsung SM951 line of SSDs is available in 512, 256 and 128 GB versions.

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