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Catching microbes with a magnet

11.07.2008

Researchers from the University of Toledo (USA) coated iron oxide nanoparticles with sugar molecules that make up the membrane of mammalian cells.

Microbes attach to these sugars when they infect a cell, with different microbes preferring different sugars. Then a powerful magnet was brought to the culture of microbes - and 88% of the microbes were on the magnet. This phenomenon can be used to purify drinking water supplies.

In addition, nanoparticles designed to attract various types of microorganisms, including viruses, and detect their presence in samples of water, food or blood of a patient, are easy to manufacture.

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Spiral fiber on a microchip 09.12.2013

Specialists at the California Institute of Technology have created a prototype of a light-delaying chip in which an electromagnetic pulse loses an order of magnitude less energy than in analogues.

The new device delays the light for a time that corresponds to passing through 50 m of fiber. A key feature is the use of a specially designed light guide: absorption losses are only 0,05 dB / m versus 1 dB / m for previous similar elements. Due to less absorption, scientists increased the length of the trajectory and, as a result, the delay time of the pulse.

The light guide is coiled and has the shape of a semicircular groove in the silicon array. On the sides, it is partially covered by a horizontal "canopy" of silicon oxide. The groove is about 150 µm wide, about 100 µm deep, and about 50 µm wide. It was possible to obtain such a groove seven meters long by lithography and etching with hydrofluoric acid with xenon difluoride. The hydrofluoric acid, HF, removed the silicon oxide, and the xenon difluoride, XeF2, dissolved the silicon substrate.

By varying the duration of the action of chemicals during etching, scientists could change the shape of the grooves. The expansion under the layer of silicon oxide is obtained due to the fact that pure silicon dissolves faster than the oxide.

This method of production, according to scientists, is compatible with modern technologies and can be implemented in industry, and not just in the laboratory. Chips that delay light for a while are needed for signal processing in a wide variety of applications, including radar scanning and telecommunications systems. They are in demand, including by military developers, so the work was funded by DARPA, the Pentagon Advanced Research Office.

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