Nanorobots for human health. Free Technical Library News

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Nanorobots for human health

24.01.2001

Currently, intensive research is underway to create microscopic devices the size of a molecule, the so-called nanorobots, which can, for example, swim through human blood vessels, cleaning their walls of cholesterol deposits, kill nascent cancer cells, or synthesize new substances.

In biology, protein motors that are located in a living cell have long been known. As a fuel, these engines use the chemical fuel of all living things - adenosine triphosphoric acid (ATP). Thanks to them, the transfer of various substances into the cell, the work of muscles, they are used even when copying DNA.

A group of researchers from Cornell University, led by Carlo Montemagno, used the enzyme AT Phase to create a nanoengine. It is a complex of several proteins that work together to produce ATP. It looks like a cylinder with a diameter of 12 nm and the same height and consists of six proteins assembled around a single axis. AT Phase transforms the movement of protons inside the energy station of the cell - mitochondria into a mechanical rotation of the axis.

This movement helps form ATP. Moreover, the action of ATPase is reversible: if ATP is supplied to this cylindrical motor, it will "burn" it and the axis will begin to rotate. The efficiency of this nanoengine is close to 100%. "If this motor were the size of a man," says Montemagno, "it could spin a wooden pole 2 km long at 1 rpm."

Another group of researchers from the University of Tokyo has developed a subminiature "gear" with a height of no more than 1 nm. It consists of three parts - a metal ion and two molecules of porphyrin, a complex cyclic compound, which includes chlorophyll, known for its ability to convert light into organic substances.

At a certain temperature, the ion attracts molecules from both sides, and under the influence of light and electrical voltage, they begin to rotate.

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