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What can be seen in soap

11.09.2005

As you know, soap is a salt of fatty acids. A solution of one of these salts, sodium myristic acid, was heated by Indian chemists and then slowly cooled, examining the stages of crystallization under an electron microscope.

As the soap molecules cooled, they gathered into strands, which then folded into rings, and later three-dimensional structures began to grow from the rings, resembling goblets, bowls and other ceramics.

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Leaf cutter ants produce laughing gas 15.01.2019

The impact of agriculture on the environment is often underestimated. At first glance, it seems that what a cow peacefully grazing in a meadow or a chicken pecking at grain can do with nature compared to smoky factory chimneys? One chicken, of course, will not bring noticeable harm. But a medium-sized poultry farm, where the number of such chickens is estimated in tens of thousands, can already become a large source of ammonia, which is released from chicken manure.

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However, agriculture is not limited to humans. One of the most advanced farmers who launched active activities long before the appearance of man is leaf-cutting ants. Representatives of two ant genera, Atta and Acromyrmex, have learned to cultivate mushrooms, supplying them with a nutrient substrate - chewed leaves. Mushrooms eat leaves, ants eat mushrooms, and they all seem to be fine. But like us, ants have a waste problem. All that remains from highly organized activity, and these are mostly leaves that have begun to decompose, are thrown by ants into a kind of trash cans, in which the biomass is already completely rotting.

It turned out that such compost heaps are capable of releasing large amounts of nitrous oxide (N2O), known as laughing gas, into the atmosphere. The intensity of emissions of this gas from ant landfills can be several orders of magnitude higher than the average from rainforest soil.

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