The neck is the weak point of a football player. Free Technical Library News

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The neck is the weak point of a football player

07.05.2005

Sports doctors from Ankara (Turkey) examined the cervical vertebrae of football players and people of the same age who do not play football on x-rays. Result: leather ball knights have a cervical spine that looks 10-20 years older than non-football players.

According to the authors of the study, the reason is that players often take the ball on their heads, and the impact force at the same time reaches 200 kilograms.

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Human-mouse hybrid 29.09.2021

American scientists report an unprecedented success in the integration of living human cells into the organisms of other animals. In particular, they managed to create the most perfect hybrid of a mouse and a human to date - something impossible in ordinary nature. Such chimeras are extremely important and necessary for science, but they are not at all spectacular from the point of view of, for example, cinema - instead of nightmarish monsters, ordinary-looking rodents grow in cages.

To be precise, not a single mouse-human hybrid has ever been grown to adulthood, all embryos, including the most successful ones, are destroyed on the 17th day of life. Not because of safety requirements - scientists are sure that such creatures are no more dangerous than an ordinary mouse. There is simply no point in wasting resources and time on an intermediate result - with only 0,1% of human cells in the mouse body, it is of no practical interest.

And even today's record 4% of human cells in the mouse body is just a reason for the personal pride of researchers. The method itself is much more interesting - scientists managed to calibrate human stem cells, achieving approximately the same growth rate as mouse cells. This made it possible to carry out mutual integration, but it did not lead to the desired result. Human cells partially settled in the liver and hearts of mice, but most of them simply turned into red blood cells.

The very fact of the presence of human cells in the body of a mouse does not give anything; for science, it is important to obtain entire organs, systems, such as the circulatory or respiratory systems. To set up experiments, use human mice as the optimal laboratory model. On the one hand, this makes it possible to study the problems of treating human organs, on the other hand, hybrids breed and are exploited like ordinary mice, in large quantities and cheaply.

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