Embryo from stem cells. Free Technical Library News

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Embryo from stem cells

10.09.2023

Scientists from the University of Cambridge and the California Institute of Technology have made significant progress in growing artificial "near-embryos" from stem cells. The experiment provides new opportunities for research into genetic disorders, but also raises serious questions about morality and legality by creating structures that closely resemble the human embryo.

The embryo created had absolutely no relation to eggs or sperm and was devoid of a heart or brain development. However, it contained cells that form the placenta, the yolk sac, and the embryo itself.

This progress has been achieved by reprogramming embryonic stem cells. Despite this, the use of synthetic embryos for clinical purposes is not possible in the near future. This would be a flagrant violation of the law and it remains unclear whether such structures can develop further after the early stages of formation.

The researchers hope that these models will be useful in understanding the "black box" of human development, that is, the period after 14 days from the moment of fertilization, which is legally established as the deadline for culturing and studying embryos in the laboratory.

Robin Lovell-Bedge, head of the department of stem cell biology and developmental genetics at the Francis Crick Institute in London, explained: "The idea is that by creating normal human embryonic development using stem cells, we can gain a lot of information about the early stages of development and identify potential harm by avoiding the use of early embryos for research."

Previously, the same team of scientists demonstrated how mouse stem cells are able to develop into early embryo-like structures. These structures included the intestines, early forms of the brain, and even the beating heart. Currently, researchers are actively working on creating similar human models.

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Persistent cells manipulating immune cells 05.12.2018

A study by scientists in the UK reveals how so-called persistent cells manipulate our immune cells, causing repeated outbreaks of disease. The work will help explain why some people suffer repeated bouts of illness despite taking antibiotics. Also, a new study may provide an answer on how to cleanse the body of these bacterial cells.

Specialists from Imperial College London studied Salmonella bacterial cells, which are resistant cells. When bacteria such as salmonella invade the body, many of them go into "standby mode" of the body's immune system, which means they are not killed by antibiotics. The cells of these bacteria stop replicating and can remain in a dormant cell state for days, weeks, or even months. When antibiotic treatment is stopped, some of these bacterial cells may "wake up". And if they do, they can cause another infection.

It is persistent (or resistant) bacterial cells that are often the culprits of recurrent diseases. These cells form when bacteria are taken over by macrophages, human immune cells that protect the body from infections by engulfing bacteria and viruses. Once inside a macrophage, persistent cells can exist in this state in which antibiotics cannot kill them for weeks or even months.

These cells were first discovered in 1944 and were thought to be dormant, dormant bacteria that work like a time bomb to relapse. In recent studies, scientists show that persistent cells, hiding in the body's immune cells, can indeed weaken the ability of macrophages to kill cells-"pests".

Dr. Peter Hill, co-author of the study, explained: “It used to be thought that persistent cells were completely inactive. However, the reality that we have revealed now is much more terrible. infections. This means that after stopping antibiotic treatment, they could create a much more favorable environment for another infection or even a completely new infection from other bacteria or viruses."

Now scientists are trying to determine the mechanism by which persistent cells weaken our immune cells. They are difficult to get rid of as they are invisible to antibiotics, but perhaps the mechanism by which our immune cells are weakened may be the "Achilles heel" of these cells.

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