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Ancient people could see dinosaurs

08.07.2023

Scientists have long debated whether key features of placental mammals, which include humans, appeared in our ancestors before or after the extinction of the dinosaurs. However, thanks to the research of a team of scientists from the University of Bristol (UK) and the University of Friborg (Switzerland), these disputes can be stopped.

In a study of placental mammal fossils prior to the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction (K-Pg) event 66 million years ago, scientists found no definitive evidence. However, analysis of the molecular clock revealed that our ancestors existed long before this event and possibly coexisted with dinosaurs.

Using a new statistical approach, the researchers were able to determine that early forms of placental mammals probably appeared in the Cretaceous and interacted with dinosaurs over time.

Scientists have studied thousands of placental mammal fossils and found patterns in their appearance and disappearance.

The model used by the researchers, called the Bayesian Brownian bridge model, is based on probabilities and helps to identify evolutionary patterns in the absence of sufficient archaeological evidence.

An analysis of the data, which included 380 families of placental mammals, allowed the researchers to determine that about 21,3% of them could have existed in the Cretaceous. This includes groups such as primates, dogs and cats, rabbits and hares.

The study also found that more modern lineages of placental mammals only began to emerge after the asteroid impact that wiped out the dinosaurs and many other species. Probably, it was after this event that favorable conditions appeared for further diversity of species.

The model used by scientists estimates the age of origin of species based on the first appearance of their ancestors in the fossil record, and also models changes in species diversity over time. It also allows you to determine the time of extinction of species based on the latest records of their existence.

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Soda damages the kidneys 31.12.2018

A group of American scientists studied the impact on people's health of sugary carbonated drinks that have been popular in recent decades. The subjects were 5306 black American adults living in three Mississippi counties. Participants were examined three times in 2000-2013.

During this time, approximately 6% of them became victims of chronic kidney disease, which allowed scientists to track which risk factors most influenced their development.

Soda and other sugary drinks were one of the main leaders in this anti-rating. Participants in the study who consumed unusually high amounts of these foods were, on average, 61% more likely to become victims of kidney failure and chronic kidney disease than African Americans who drank little of them.

All this, according to scientists, once again suggests that the turnover of sweetened drinks should be limited by law or at least introduce taxes that increase their value. This will not only slow the spread of the obesity epidemic, but also reduce the number of people with kidney problems.

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