Human embryos are created artificially. Free Technical Library News

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Human embryos are created artificially

28.06.2023

The created embryos are devoid of heart and brain structures, but include cells responsible for the formation of the placenta, yolk sac and the embryo itself.

Scientific experts have developed synthetic human embryos using stem cells. This significant achievement opens up new perspectives without the use of eggs and sperm.

These models of embryonic structures, which mimic early stages of human development, will help expand our knowledge of genetic disorders and the biological causes of recurrent miscarriages, the researchers say.

Although these structures do not have a heartbeat or a developed brain, they include cells normally responsible for the formation of the placenta, the yolk sac, and the embryo itself. However, this discovery raises significant ethical and legal questions, as these created embryos are not subject to the existing laws of most countries in the world.

Currently, the use of synthetic embryos in clinical practice is not expected. It is illegal to transplant them into the womb of patients, and it is also unknown if these structures are able to continue their development.

"The idea is that if we can reliably model normal human embryonic development using stem cells, we can get a significant amount of information about the initial stage of our development and possible disorders. In doing so, we will not use early embryos as objects of study," explained Professor Robin Lovell-Bedge, Head of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics at the Francis Crick Institute in London.

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Fatty food damages memory 23.01.2016

Fatty food has a bad effect not only on the figure, but also on mental abilities: the experiments of Erica Underwood (Erica Underwood) and Lucien Thompson (Lucien T. Thompson) from the University of Texas at Dallas showed that in mice fed with fat, memory and ability to to learning. The experiment itself was set up as follows: the animals were kept on feed enriched with fats for three months, and then they checked what changes had occurred in the neurophysiology and behavior of the experimental subjects.

In mice on a fatty diet, the excitability of hippocampal neurons decreased - and the hippocampus, as we know, is one of the main memory centers, in particular, memory is consolidated in it, its transformation from short-term to long-term.

Based on the state of neurons that began to work worse, one would expect mice to have worse cognitive abilities. To test this, rodents were placed in a complex toy box, and after the mice got used to the arrangement of objects, one of the toys was placed in a new place. Those of the animals that ate normally quickly learned the new location of objects, but those that were kept on fatty food had difficulty remembering where the familiar thing was now. In other words, memory - at least that part of it that is responsible for orientation in space - having received an excess of fat, really failed. A year later, the learning ability returned to normal, although changes in neurons persisted (probably, some compensatory mechanisms worked).

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However, the question remains about females: their memory also deteriorated, and neurons worked worse, but they reacted to insulin in the same way as usual, and even more, sensitivity to the hormone in female neurons increased, and the amount of insulin synthesized decreased (which does not correspond to usual diabetic picture). Why the females here turned out to be different from the males, the researchers have yet to find out - as well as whether something similar happens in humans.

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