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plasma mirror

10.01.2023

For the first time in the history of science, physicists from the LOA laboratory (Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquee), France, have created a so-called relativistic plasma mirror, a region induced by laser light, inside which free plasma electrons move almost at the speed of light. And the most remarkable thing in this case is that this plasma mirror is "updated" at a fairly high rate - about a thousand times per second.

When an intense pulse of laser light ionizes the surface of a material target, it creates a cloud of plasma so dense that the whole thing becomes opaque to light, even if the target was previously completely transparent. Laser light is simply reflected from such a plasma mirror. But, during such a reflection, a process called surface higher harmonic generation (SHHG) occurs, which "compacts" the laser light pulses, making them even shorter and more intense, which is of interest to some areas of science and technology.

However, the "brittle nature" of the SHHG process imposes a number of stringent requirements on the laser parameters, such as spatiotemporal pulse quality and temporal contrast, as well as a huge peak power, which must be measured in terawatts, i.e. thousands of gigawatts. And this is the reason why all previous experiments in this direction were carried out with a low (less than 10 times per second) generation-update frequency of the plasma mirror.

To do this, French scientists have developed a new terawatt-class laser capable of generating pulses of less than 4 femtoseconds, thousands of times per second. At the same time, all other laser parameters also meet the requirements of the SHHG process. Moreover, scientists have implemented a new technology that uses two pulses to create or maintain a plasma mirror. The first impulse creates a plasma cloud and contributes to its expansion. With a short delay, the main light pulse follows, which makes it possible to control the plasma density gradient, which determines many parameters of the plasma mirror.

At the next stages of their research, French scientists plan to tackle the problem of refocusing radiation reflected from a plasma mirror, which will make it possible to obtain light pulses of less than a femtosecond duration with a record high level of intensity (brightness).

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