A giant star with magnetic clouds has been discovered. Free Technical Library News

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Giant star with magnetic clouds discovered

19.11.2022

Scientists at the Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory (China) studied the light from the extreme magnetic star HD 345439, determining its properties. One of its features is magnetized plasma clouds that periodically darken the light from the star, reducing its brilliance.

HD 345439 is a helium-rich, massive magnetic star with very strong magnetic fields. It is about seven times larger and almost nine times more massive than the Sun. HD 345439 has longitudinal magnetic fields exhibiting periodic variability with an amplitude of about 2-3 kilogauss (kG), and the polar magnetic strength of this star reaches 10 kG. Such powerful magnetic fields can contribute to the accumulation of circumstellar material and form a dense disk.

To explain the variability of magnetic stars, scientists have developed a model of a rigidly rotating magnetosphere (Eng. Rigidly Rotating Magnetosphere, RRM). It assumes that the plasma moving along the lines of force is subject to gravitational influence, which causes it to fall on the surface of the star, and centrifugal force, directed in the opposite direction. For each magnetic field line, there is a point where the sum of both potentials reaches the minimum value necessary for the accumulation of circumstellar material.

The observations were carried out with the Nanshan Telescope of the Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory for 12 nights from October 12 to November 12, 2020. On the basis of photometric data, the period of revolution of the star was calculated, equal to about 0,76 days. The light curve shows an S-shaped asymmetric shape, which, according to RRM, is caused by magnetic clouds - accumulations of plasma that darken the light from the star. The asymmetry can be explained by the elimination between the center of the dipole magnetic field of HD 345439 and its axis of rotation.

According to RRM, a strong centrifugal force arising from fast rotation should lead to centrifugal mass breakthroughs, but no signs of this phenomenon were observed in the light curves. Scientists attribute this discrepancy to the fact that it was impossible for magnetic clouds to gain enough mass to break through. The critical mass is highly dependent on the strength of the magnetic field, the stellar radius, the rate of mass loss, and the escape rate of the plasma. It is assumed that HD 345439 has a lower frequency of outbursts than other similar stars. Thus, the breakout timeline is longer than the latter, with a low frequency of breakout episodes.

The age of the star is approximately 26,8 million years, the effective temperature is 22 kelvins, and the content of elements heavier than helium is about three times less than that of the sun. The distance to HD 000 345 is estimated at 439 light years.

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