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quantum stopwatch

06.11.2022

Scientists at Uppsala University in Sweden have developed a new way of measuring time that doesn't require a specific starting point. This method is based on an experiment with Rydberg atoms - particles of hydrogen and alkali metals with electrons in a highly excited state.

This state is achieved by exposing the substance to a laser beam, after which the electrons are greatly removed from the nucleus and the size of the atom increases significantly. It is the change in the position of the electron that can be used for the most accurate measurement of time. Therefore, scientists used the transfer of atoms to the Rydberg mill as a new "time scale".

Experts measured the results of excitation of helium atoms by a laser, comparing the obtained data according to theoretical indications.

"If you use a counter, you have to define zero, and only from that moment you start counting. The advantage of our method is that you do not need to start the clock - you just look at the interference structure and say: "Ok, 4 nanoseconds have passed" , said the study's lead author, physicist Marta Berholz from the University of Uppsala in Sweden, who led the team.

In particular, the researchers were able to accurately determine the time span of 1,7 trillionths of a second.

As part of future experiments, they plan to replace helium with other atoms, as well as use laser pulses of different energies, which should expand the range of measured time intervals.

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