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Super glue that can withstand record temperatures

24.07.2022

Chemists at Tsinghua University in Beijing have developed a promising mixture for combining different items at extreme temperatures. The new adhesive withstands from -196 to 200 degrees Celsius and can be reused.

The new adhesive will be useful in heavy industry and aerospace applications such as rockets that face temperature fluctuations. The new substance belongs to the class of supramolecular adhesives.

The parts of the mix are specially designed to self-assemble into strong bonds during the curing process. The authors reported that one of the components is a ring-shaped molecule known as a crown ether, while the other is a small protein produced by bacteria.

When the described components come into contact and the mixture is heated, the crown ether rotates the protein and securely fastens any surface. In a series of tests, the scientists glued two steel plates together and found that they could withstand up to 22 megapascals. At the same time, the glue worked not only at room temperature, but also in any range of -196 to 200 °C. It also showed high strength characteristics when working with other materials and did not disintegrate even under water.

The team attributed the success to strong supramolecular interactions—a strong bond displaces water from a protein. This means that when the temperature drops, ice crystals cannot form and break the material, as often happens with other adhesives. An added bonus of the new technology is its reusability. The blocking adhesive components can be dismantled and recycled, after which the updated mixture can hold new materials together with the same strength.

The new supramolecular adhesive will be especially useful in scenarios where rigid objects face extreme temperature fluctuations. With it, it will be easier to service industrial enterprises using metals, as well as repair spacecraft and rockets in earth or lunar orbit.

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Low-fat frost-resistant pigs have been bred 27.10.2017

Using the CRISPR genome editing system, Chinese geneticists have bred a breed of low-fat pigs that easily survive the cold.

The UCP1 gene, which disappeared from the DNA of the ancestors of the modern domestic pig 20 million years ago, was introduced into the genome of meat breed pigs. The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the process of thermoregulation, thanks to which animals burn fat efficiently and maintain body temperature in the cold.

Genetically modified piglets grow up slender and fit. It would seem that this is not exactly what bacon producers need - but it is economically justified: firstly, farmers can spend less electricity on space heating, and secondly, slender piglets grow faster than their fat relatives, so in order to gain desired muscle mass, they need less food.

In ordinary pigs, fat is about 20% of body weight, in GM pigs - only 15%, but meat in GM animals turned out to be as much as 53% (in ordinary pigs - 50%). In addition, GM pigs were easier than normal to endure an experiment in which the animals were left in a cold room for 4 hours.

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