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The influence of genes in the formation of aesthetic taste

26.05.2022

Possession of aesthetic taste is usually determined through a person's preferences and his own opinion about specific objects of art and culture. Despite a long-standing interest in the origin of taste and much research on the causes of individual differences in the "concept of beauty", sociologists still know little about the mechanism of preference formation.

In a new study, scientists from the University of Copenhagen (Denmark) assessed the contribution to the development of cultural preferences of family education, individual experience of a person, as well as his genes.

To investigate this issue, they conducted a survey among 1200 Danish twin pairs, 466 of which were monozygotic (homozygous or identical) and 734 were dizygotic (heterozygous or polyzygotic). Based on the results of the survey, the researchers determined the twins' preferences for 12 cultural events, divided into three categories: high-intellectual, low-intellectual and popular cultures.

Twin studies are a well-established method of revealing the relative influence of genes when comparing genetically identical monozygotic twins and dizygotic twins, who share only 50% of their genes.

According to the survey results, it turned out, for example, that 54% of the differences in respondents' tastes for highly intellectual culture (for example, for classics, opera, ballet and fine arts) can be explained by a genetic predisposition. And only 16% are associated with social influence within the family and upbringing. The remaining 30% correlated with external social factors and the person's personal experience.

Factors underlying addictions to low-intellectual culture (for example, going shopping or going to an amusement park) are more evenly distributed. At the same time, interest in popular culture, such as rock/pop concerts and stand-up performances, is mainly driven by individual experiences and external social influences outside the family.

When considering the actual participation of respondents in cultural events (that is, not their theoretical preferences, but what they really do and what they actually attend), the influence of family education turned out to be even weaker - more precisely, it was practically non-existent.

Instead, genetic predisposition plays a big role in choosing real hobbies. A similar situation, but with a slight bias towards personal experience, arises when testing the significance of genes in the development of broad musical and literary tastes in various genres.

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