Insect food will create zero waste agriculture. Free Technical Library News

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Food from insects will create waste-free agriculture

20.03.2022

Insects are an excellent source of protein, requiring significantly fewer resources to produce compared to conventional agriculture. If a mealworm farm is given 2 kg of food, you can get a kilogram of edible protein. In the production of beef, the efficiency is incomparably lower, and greenhouse gases are also emitted.

The production of insects for food and feed usually results in two by-products: insect exuvia and a kind of "meal". Exuviae are exoskeletons left over from insect moulting, and insect meal is mostly excrement and uneaten food. These two by-products could be potential alternatives to conventional fertilizers and pesticides.

Scientists from Wageningen University in the Netherlands analyzed the possibility of producing food for humans and animals from insect by-products. In addition, these by-products can provide farmers with an organic soil supplement.

An important component of insect exuvia is chitin, a high molecular weight aminosaccharide polysaccharide, which is also present in the cell walls of fungi and the exoskeleton of many crustaceans. Chitin-containing soil additives have been shown to promote plant growth.

Adding insect meal to the soil can promote plant growth - insect feces are rich in nitrogen, a nutrient that is critical for plant growth but is often deficient in soil. Nitrogen is often added to the soil as a synthetic fertilizer.

The use of by-products of insect breeding in agriculture can be a step towards a kind of cycle in food production, when the waste is completely utilized in the process itself. First, the insects are fed with crop or food waste, then the insects provide food for humans and meat products, and finally the insect waste is used to stimulate crop growth.

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