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Improving the sensitivity of gravity wave sensors

12.03.2022

Physicists at the University of Western Australia have developed a new technology that aims to further increase the sensitivity of gravitational wave sensors, already the most accurate scientific instruments today. The introduction of new technology will raise the sensitivity to a level that previously could only be obtained by building new sensors, the dimensions of which exceed the existing ones.

The technology uses a "symbiosis" of quasiparticles, which are quanta of sound vibrations called phonons, and photons of light from a special laser. The resulting quasi-particles of a higher order of complexity make their own oscillations with a frequency of billions of times per second, all this happens without any energy loss and is used to amplify the signal from the gravitational wave sensors.

The main problem that did not allow to implement something similar earlier is that phonons, which are carriers of quantum information and act as signal amplifiers, are literally lost in a huge number of random phonons, called thermal noise background.

The solution in this case was a technology called White Light Signal Recycling (WLSR), and the key component was the so-called phononic crystal (PNC) resonator, made from a high purity quartz crystal. This resonator has a rather complex shape with alternating holes of different diameters and protrusions created in certain places. The view and structure of the PNC resonator is shown more clearly in the pictures presented here.

The use of a PNC resonator cooled to a temperature of 1 Kelvin and a fairly complex optical system, which includes lasers, mirrors, lenses and other components, made it possible to create a WLSR interferometer and, at the same time, a signal amplifier capable of operating in a wide frequency range, in which frequencies of signals of gravitational waves of various types enter. Only by using the new WLSR interferometer, the sensitivity of current sensors can be increased by at least 40 times.

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