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Biohybrid fish from human heart cells

17.02.2022

Researchers at Harvard University and Emory University (USA) have developed the first fully autonomous biohybrid fish from heart muscle cells derived from human stem cells. Artificial fish swims, recreating the muscle contractions of the heart, according to the press service of the Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. John A. Paulson.

The first self-contained biohybrid device is made from cardiomyocytes (heart muscle cells) derived from human stem cells. It mimics the shape and movements of the zebrafish. Unlike previous devices - a biohybrid jellyfish and an artificial ray made from rat heart cells - the biohybrid zebrafish has two layers of muscle cells, one on each side of the tail fin. When one side is compressed, the other is stretched. In response to the stretch, a protein channel opens, causing a contraction that triggers the stretch, and so on. A closed cycle is created, thanks to which the fish can move for more than 100 days.

The researchers have also developed a self-contained pacing unit, similar to a pacemaker, that controls the rate and rhythm of these spontaneous contractions. Together, the two layers of muscle and the autonomous stimulation node allowed for continuous, spontaneous and coordinated forward and backward movements of the fins.

Biohybrid fish only get better with age. The amplitude of muscle contractions, maximum swimming speed and muscle coordination increased during the first month as cardiomyocyte cells matured. Eventually, biohybrid fish achieved the same swimming speed and efficiency as zebrafish in the wild.

The development brings researchers closer to creating a more sophisticated artificial muscle pump and provides a model for studying heart conditions such as arrhythmia.

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