Waves of sand obey the laws of mathematics. Free Technical Library News

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Waves of sand obey the laws of mathematics

19.01.2022

Sand waves with a wavelength of 30 centimeters to several meters are known as mega ripples: they are in size between the usual beach ripples and full-fledged dunes.

In addition to their size, a key characteristic of megaripples is the arrangement of grains - large particles are always on top of small ones. This mixture is never the same, just like the winds that blow across the sand to create ripples. However, an international team of scientists has discovered an amazing mathematical feature of the megaripple: the ratio of the diameter of the largest particles to the diameter of the smallest is always constant.

Specimens have been studied from megaripple fields in Israel, China, Namibia, India, Jordan, Antarctica, and New Mexico in the United States. Further analysis was supplemented by observations made on Mars and the results of an experiment in a laboratory wind tunnel. "An extensive collection of terrestrial and extraterrestrial data, covering a wide range of geographic sources and environmental conditions, confirms the accuracy and reliability of this unexpected theoretical discovery," the researchers write.

The authors of the study conclude that in the future, this number can be used to classify different types of waves and what processes formed them.

The calculations can also be used to study past weather and climate patterns based on the sediments left behind by previous megaripples.

The results are even applicable beyond Earth: they could give us a better understanding of how megaripples are created on planets like Mars and what atmospheric conditions are needed for them to form, rather than other types of sand waves.

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